Saudi Arabian Foreign Relations: Diplomacy and Mediation in Conflict Resolution by René Rieger

Author:René Rieger [Rieger, René]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: International Relations, Middle Eastern, Social Science, Political Science, World, Regional Studies, General
ISBN: 9781317193067
Google: azMlDwAAQBAJ
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Published: 2016-08-12T13:39:15+00:00

Notes

1 Cited in Rosemarie Said Zahlan, Palestine and the Gulf States: The Presence at the Table (New York: Routledge, 2009), 19.

2 Compare ibid., 21f.

3 Cited in ibid., 23f.

4 President Roosevelt repeated these promises in a letter he sent King Abdulaziz on April 5, 1945. Cited in The Department of State Bulletin XIII, no. 330, October 21, 1945, 623.

5 “Statement by the President Following the Adjournment of the Palestine Conference in London,” available online on website of Harry S. Truman Library (item 227): http://trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/index.php?pid=1763&st=227&st1, accessed May 3, 2013.

6 Cited in The Department of State Bulletin XV, no. 384, November 10, 1946, 848.

7 Cited in ibid., 849–51.

8 Zahlan, Palestine, 34.

9 Figures on the exact Saudi troop strength differ. A document by the British Embassy in Jidda, Saudi Arabia, dated August 18, 1948, put the number of regular Saudi troops at 1,200 and speaks of an additional unquantified number of irregular Saudi troops. Compare Benny Morris, 1948: A History of the First Arab–Israeli War (New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 2008), 205, fn. 122.

10 Several sources recount that, in October 1948, Saudi auxiliaries (one infantry company) fought at close quarters beside Egyptian troops against the Israeli Givati Brigate at Huleiqat, roughly 20 kilometers northeast of Gaza. Chaim Herzog, The Arab-Israeli Wars: War and Peace in the Middle East from the War of Independence through Lebanon (New York: Vintage Books, 1982), 23, 48, 94 and Morris, 1948, 326 (Morris refers to a Hebrew source). Contrasting this, Gawdat Bahgat claims that the Saudi troops did not see any war action. Gawdat Bahgat, “The New Middle East: The Gulf Monarchies and Israel,” The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies 28, no. 2 (2003): 127f.

11 Cited in Michael J. Cohen, Truman and Israel (Berkeley, CA, Los Angeles, and Oxford: University of California Press, 1990), 100.

12 Compare Zahlan, Palestine, 25.

13 Both Egypt and Saudi Arabia claim sovereignty over the islands of Tiran and Sanafir, located just south of the mouth of the Strait of Aqaba. In 1949, following the Israeli occupation of Umm Rashrash, today known as the Israeli port city of Eilat, Saudi Arabia consented to an Egyptian military presence on the islands in order to interrupt Israeli strategic supply routes through the Gulf of Aqaba. Following a first temporary occupation in the course of the 1956 Suez War, Israel reoccupied the two islands during the 1967 Six Day War. See Alexander Melamid, “The Political Geography of the Gulf of Aqaba,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 47, no. 3 (1957) and Ali A. El-Hakim, The Middle Eastern States and the Law of the Sea (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1979), pp. 135–77.

14 Compare Zahlan, Palestine, 31. Saudi–British relations were only restored in January 1963. Fouad Al-Farsy, Saudi Arabia: A Case Study in Development (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul (KPI), 1986), 38.

15 This was true despite the fact that, in January 1957, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Jordan concluded a ten-year “Treaty of Arab solidarity.” Compare Ali E. Hillal Dessouki, “Nasser and the Struggle for Independence,” in Suez 1956: The Crisis and its Consequences, eds.

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